An Efficient Ensemble Method Using K-Fold Cross Validation for the Early Detection of Benign and Malignant Breast Cancer

In comparison to all other malignancies, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer, among women. Breast cancer prediction has been studied by several researchers and is considered a serious threat to women. Clinicians are finding it difficult to create a treatment approach that will help patients live longer, due to the lack of solid predictive models. Rates of this malignancy have been observed to rise, more with industrialization and urbanization, as well as with early detection facilities. It is still considerably more prevalent in very developed countries, but it is rapidly spreading to developing countries as well. The purpose of this work is to offer a report on the disease of breast cancer in which we used available technical breakthroughs to construct breast cancer survivability prediction models. The Machine Learning (ML) techniques, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT) Classifier, Random Forests (RF), and Logistic Regression (LR) is used as base Learners and their performance has been compared with the ensemble method, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost).  For performance comparison, we employed the k-fold cross-validation method to measure the unbiased estimate of these prediction models. The results indicated that XGBoost outperformed with an accuracy of 97.81% compared to other ML algorithms

An Efficient Ensemble Method Using K-Fold Cross Validation for the Early Detection of Benign and Malignant Breast Cancer

In comparison to all other malignancies, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer, among women. Breast cancer prediction has been studied by several researchers and is considered a serious threat to women. Clinicians are finding it difficult to create a treatment approach that will help patients live longer, due to the lack of solid predictive models. Rates of this malignancy have been observed to rise, more with industrialization and urbanization, as well as with early detection facilities. It is still considerably more prevalent in very developed countries, but it is rapidly spreading to developing countries as well. The purpose of this work is to offer a report on the disease of breast cancer in which we used available technical breakthroughs to construct breast cancer survivability prediction models. The Machine Learning (ML) techniques, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT) Classifier, Random Forests (RF), and Logistic Regression (LR) is used as base Learners and their performance has been compared with the ensemble method, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost).  For performance comparison, we employed the k-fold cross-validation method to measure the unbiased estimate of these prediction models. The results indicated that XGBoost outperformed with an accuracy of 97.81% compared to other ML algorithms

Smart Decision-Making and Communication Strategy in Industrial Internet of Things

Smart machine-machine (M2M) interactions, such as those enabled by the Internet of Things (IoT), have enabled people and machines to communicate and make decisions together. Furthermore, these systems have become increasingly important in the commercial and industrial sectors over the previous two decades. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a smart system comprising engineering equipment which can connect to one another to improve manufacturing operations. This task would become more complicated if the amount of energy used by the IIoT ecosystems, as well as the amount of network traffic they generate, increased dramatically. Consequently, decision-making processes during communication are essential for autonomous interaction in critical IoT infrastructure. Smart factories employ communication technology to track and gather information in real-time to enhance the output, effectiveness, and predictability while lowering the overall cost of vital operations. In this context, Industry 4.0 not only limits to addresses the issues of integrating technologies, but it also focuses on data collection, dissemination, utilization, and organization and also improves the delivery of the solution or services quicker with more sustainability. This study intends to create an NF-based communication system for IIoT platforms to leverage those benefits. The proposed model includes smart decision-making procedures to deal with communication issues. Compared with the many methods already in use, the suggested mechanism’s functional viability in the automated system is found to be optimal. Outcomes from simulations reveal that the suggested method has improved the accuracy and communication reliability of the IIoT platforms in comparison with the previous methods. Aside from these, the suggested model keeps the throughput of the local automation unit at 96.03% and the throughput of the production hall at 95.58% on average while maintaining the lowest average PLR of about 26.48% across different data rates